Language
The default Moodle installation includes many Language packs. A language pack is a set of translations for the Moodle interface. Language packs translate the Moodle interface, and not the course content. Here’s the Front Page of a site when the user selects Spanish from the language menu:
Note that every aspect of the interface is being presented in Spanish: menu names, menu items, section names, buttons, and system messages. Now, let’s take a look at the same Front Page when the user selects Romanian from the language menu:
Note that much of the interface has not been translated. For example, the Site Administration menu and section name for Site news are still in English. When a part of Moodle’s interface is not translated into the selected language, Moodle uses the English version.
Language Files
When you install an additional language, Moodle places the language pack in its data directory under the subdirectory /lang. It creates a subdirectory for each language files. The following screenshot shows the results of installing the International Spanish and Romanian languages:
For example, the subdirectory, /lang/en_us, holds files for the U.S. English translation, and /lang/es_es holds the files for traditional Spanish (Espanol / Espana).
The name of the subdirectory is the ‘language code’. Knowing this code will come in handy later. In the previous example, es_utf8 tells us that the language code for International Spanish is es.
Inside a language pack’s directory, we see a list of files that contain the translations:
For example, the /lang/es_utf8/forum.php file holds text used on the forum pages. Let us suppose that we are creating a course for students. This file would include the text that is displayed to the course creator while creating the forum, and the text that is displayed to the students when they use the forum. Here are the first few lines from the English version of that file:
$string['addanewdiscussion'] = 'Add a new discussion topic';
$string['addanewtopic'] = 'Add a new topic';
$string['advancedsearch'] = 'Advanced search';
And here are the same first three lines from the Spanish version of that file:
$string['addanewdiscussion'] = 'Colocar un nuevo tema de discusión aquí';
$string['addanewtopic'] = 'Agregar un nuevo tema';
$string['advancedsearch'] = 'Búsqueda avanzada';
The biggest task in localizing Moodle consists of translating these language files into the appropriate languages. Some translations are surprisingly complete. For example, most of the interface has been translated to Irish Gaelic, even though this language is used by only about 350,000 people everyday. The Romanian interface remains mostly untranslated although Romania has a population of over 23 million. This means that if a Moodle user chooses the Romanian language (ro), most of the interface will still default to English.
Language Settings
You access the Language settings page from the Site Administration menu.
Default Language and Display Language Menu
The Default language setting specifies the language that users will see when they first encounter your site. If you also select Display language menu, users can change the language. Selecting this displays a language menu on your Front Page.
Languages on Language Menu and Cache Language Menu
The setting Languages on language menu enables you to specify the languages that users can pick from the language menu. There are directions for you to enter the ‘language codes’. These codes are the names of the directories which hold the Language packs. In the subsection on Language Files on the previous page, you saw that the directory es_utf8 holds the language files for International Spanish. If you wanted to enter that language in the list, it would look like this:
Leaving this field blank will enable your students to pick from all available languages. Entering the names of languages in this field limits the list to only those entered.
Sitewide Locale
Enter a language code into this field, and the system displays dates in the format appropriate to that language.
Excel Encoding
Most of the reports that Moodle generates can be downloaded as Excel files. User logs and grades are two examples. This setting lets you choose the encoding for those Excel files.
Your choices are Unicode and Latin. The default is Unicode, because this character set includes many more characters other than Latin. In many cases, Latin encoding doesn’t offer enough characters to completely represent a non-English language.
Offering Courses in Multiple Languages
The settings on the Language settings page are also applicable for translating the Moodle interface. However, they are not applicable for translating course content. If you want to offer course content in multiple languages, you have several choices. First, you could put all the different languages into each course. That is, each document would appear in a course in several languages. For example, if you offered a botany course in English and Spanish, you might have a document defining the different types of plants in both English and Spanish, side by side in the same course–Types of Plants or Tipos de Plantaras. While taking the course, students would select the documents in their language. Course names would appear in only one language.
Second, you could create separate courses for each language, and offer them on the same site. Course names would appear in each language. In this case, students would select the course in English or Spanish– Basic Botany or Botánica Básica.
Third, you could create a separate Moodle site for each language, for example, http://moodle.williamrice.com/english and http://moodle.williamrice.com/spanish. At the Home Page of your site, students would select their language and would be directed to the correct Moodle installation. In this case, the entire Moodle site would appear in the students’ language: the site name, the menus, the course names, and the course content. These are things you should consider before installing Moodle.
Installing Additional Languages
To install additional languages, you must be connected to the Internet. Then, from the Site Administration menu, select Language | Language packs. The page displays a list of all available Language packs:
This list is taken from Moodle’s /install/lang directory. In that directory, you will find a folder for each language pack that can be installed.
The folder contains a file called install.php. That file retrieves the most recent version of the language pack from the Web and installs it. This is why Moodle must be connected to the Web to use this feature. If Moodle is not connected, you will need to download the language pack and copy it into the /lang directory yourself.
If you don’t see the language you want on the list of Available language packs, either it’s not available in the official Moodle site, or your list of available languages is out of date. Click to update this list. If the language doesn’t appear, it’s not available from official sources.
Summary
In this article, we have seen how Moodle website supports different languages and how to configure these different languages. This feature can be particularly useful while designing courses for students who come from different ethnic backgrounds. Language support can not only make the website more friendlier but also makes it more easy to browse.
