OpenGL 4.0 Shading Language Cookbook

Over 60 highly focused, practical recipes to maximize your OpenGL Shading language use

Getting ready

There’s not much to prepare for with this one, you just need to build an environment that supports C++. Also, I’ll assume that you are using GLM for matrix and vector support. If not, just leave out the functions involving the GLM classes.

The reader would benefit from the previous articles on Tips and Tricks for Getting Started with OpenGL and GLSL 4.0 and OpenGL 4.0: Using Uniform Blocks and Uniform Buffer Objects.

How to do it…

We’ll use the following header file for our C++ class:

namespace GLSLShader {
 enum GLSLShaderType {
 VERTEX, FRAGMENT, GEOMETRY,TESS_CONTROL,
 TESS_EVALUATION
 };
 };

class GLSLProgram
{

private:
int handle;
bool linked;
string logString;
int getUniformLocation(const char * name );
bool fileExists( const string & fileName );

public:
GLSLProgram();

bool compileShaderFromFile( const char * fileName,
GLSLShader::GLSLShaderType type );

bool compileShaderFromString( const string & source,
GLSLShader::GLSLShaderType type );

bool link();
void use();

string log();

int getHandle();
bool isLinked();

void bindAttribLocation( GLuint location,
const char * name);
void bindFragDataLocation( GLuint location,
const char * name );

void setUniform(const char *name,float x,float y,
float z);
void setUniform(const char *name, const vec3 & v);
void setUniform(const char *name, const vec4 & v);
void setUniform(const char *name, const mat4 & m);
void setUniform(const char *name, const mat3 & m);
void setUniform(const char *name, float val );
void setUniform(const char *name, int val );
void setUniform(const char *name, bool val );
void printActiveUniforms();
void printActiveAttribs();
};

The techniques involved in the implementation of these functions are covered in previous recipes. (Code available here). We’ll discuss some of the design decisions in the next section.

How it works…

The state stored within a GLSLProgram object includes the handle to the OpenGL shader program object (handle), a Boolean variable indicating whether or not the program has been successfully linked (linked), and a string for storing the most recent log produced by a compile or link action (logString).

The two private functions are utilities used by other public functions. The getUniformLocation function is used by the setUniform functions to find the location of a uniform variable, and the fileExists function is used by compileShaderFromFile to check for file existence.

The constructor simply initializes linked to false, handle to zero, and logString to the empty string. The variable handle will be initialized by calling glCreateProgram when the first shader is compiled.

The compileShaderFromFile and compileShaderFromString functions attempt to compile a shader of the given type (the type is provided as the second argument). They create the shader object, load the source code, and then attempt to compile the shader. If successful, the shader object is attached to the OpenGL program object (by calling glAttachShader) and a value of true is returned. Otherwise, the log is retrieved and stored in logString, and a value of false is returned.

The link function simply attempts to link the program by calling glLinkProgram. It then checks the link status, and if successful, sets the variable linked to true and returns true. Otherwise, it gets the program log (by calling glGetProgramInfoLog), stores it in logString, and returns false.

The use function simply calls glUseProgram if the program has already been successfully linked; otherwise, it does nothing.

The log function returns the contents of logString, which should contain the log of the most recent compile or link action.

The functions getHandle and isLinked are simply “getter” functions that return the handle to the OpenGL program object and the value of the linked variable.

The functions bindAttribLocation and bindFragDataLocation are wrappers around glBindAttribLocation and glBindFragDataLocation. Note that these functions should only be called prior to linking the program.

The setUniform overloaded functions are straightforward wrappers around the appropriate glUniform functions. Each of them calls getUniformLocation to query for the variable’s location before calling the glUniform function.

Finally, the printActiveUniforms and printActiveAttribs functions are useful mainly for debugging purposes. They simply display a list of the active uniforms/attributes to standard output. The following is a simple example of the use of the GLSLProgram class:

GLSLProgram prog;

if( ! prog.compileShaderFromFile("myshader.vert",
GLSLShader::VERTEX))
{
printf("Vertex shader failed to compile!n%s",
prog.log().c_str());
exit(1);
}
if( ! prog.compileShaderFromFile("myshader.frag",
GLSLShader::FRAGMENT))
{
printf("Fragment shader failed to compile!n%s",
prog.log().c_str());
exit(1);
}

// Possibly call bindAttribLocation or bindFragDataLocation
// here...

if( ! prog.link() )
{
printf("Shader program failed to link!n%s",
prog.log().c_str());
exit(1);
}

prog.use();
prog.printActiveUniforms();
prog.printActiveAttribs();

prog.setUniform("ModelViewMatrix", matrix);
prog.setUniform("LightPosition", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
...

Summary

This article covered the topic of Building a C++ Shader Program Class.

Further resources on this subject:

• OpenGL 4.0: Using Uniform Blocks and Uniform Buffer Objects [Article]
• Tips and Tricks for Getting Started with OpenGL and GLSL 4.0 [Article]
• The Basics of GLSL 4.0 Shaders [Article]
• GLSL 4.0: Using Subroutines to Select Shader Functionality [Article]
• GLSL 4.0: Discarding Fragments to Create a Perforated Look [Article]