In this article we will be learning more about machine learning and Python.

Machine learning (ML) teaches machines how to carry out tasks by themselves. It is that simple. The complexity comes with the details, and that is most likely the reason you are reading this article.

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Machine learning and Python – the dream team

The goal of machine learning is to teach machines (software) to carry out tasks by providing them a couple of examples (how to do or not do a task). Let us assume that each morning when you turn on your computer, you perform the same task of moving e-mails around so that only those e-mails belonging to a particular topic end up in the same folder. After some time, you feel bored and think of automating this chore. One way would be to start analyzing your brain and writing down all the rules your brain processes while you are shuffling your e-mails. However, this will be quite cumbersome and always imperfect. While you will miss some rules, you will over-specify others. A better and more future-proof way would be to automate this process by choosing a set of e-mail meta information and body/folder name pairs and let an algorithm come up with the best rule set. The pairs would be your training data, and the resulting rule set (also called model) could then be applied to future e-mails, which we have not yet seen. This is machine learning in its simplest form.

Of course, machine learning (often also referred to as data mining or predictive analysis) is not a brand new field in itself. Quite the contrary, its success over the recent years can be attributed to the pragmatic way of using rock-solid techniques and insights from other successful fields; for example, statistics. There, the purpose is for us humans to get insights into the data by learning more about the underlying patterns and relationships. As you read more and more about successful applications of machine learning (you have checked out kaggle.com already, haven’t you?), you will see that applied statistics is a common field among machine learning experts.

As you will see later, the process of coming up with a decent ML approach is never a waterfall-like process. Instead, you will see yourself going back and forth in your analysis, trying out different versions of your input data on diverse sets of ML algorithms. It is this explorative nature that lends itself perfectly to Python. Being an interpreted high-level programming language, it may seem that Python was designed specifically for the process of trying out different things. What is more, it does this very fast. Sure enough, it is slower than C or similar statically typed programming languages; nevertheless, with a myriad of easy-to-use libraries that are often written in C, you don’t have to sacrifice speed for agility.

Summary

In this is article we learned about machine learning and its goals. To learn more please refer to the following books:

• Building Machine Learning Systems with Python – Second Edition (https://www.packtpub.com/big-data-and-business-intelligence/building-machine-learning-systems-python-second-edition)
• Expert Python Programming (https://www.packtpub.com/application-development/expert-python-programming)

Resources for Article:

Further resources on this subject:

• Python Design Patterns in Depth – The Observer Pattern [article]
• Python Design Patterns in Depth: The Factory Pattern [article]
• Customizing IPython [article]